You have probably seen H&R Block commercials on television advertising free tax preparation. At the same time, you have probably seen TurboTax commercials advertising free live assistance with their software. There seems to be a perfect storm brewing in the world of tax preparation. As simple tax preparation gets more manageable for the average taxpayer, the competition for fees and revenue amongst these taxpayers gets more intense.

This year, H&R Block lost its teaser item, tax anticipation loans. The federal government clamped down on these loans, and H&R Block's lender HSBC refused to back loans. This forced H&R Block to stop offering the product. The free preparation of 1040 EZ filings is in response to this.

 

Things are not rosy in the tax preparation world. Unemployment has caused a 1.7% decrease in overall filings, the largest drop since 1971. H&R Block saw a reduction of 6.1% in total returns last year. Combine these factors with more tech-savvy consumers and the general propensity for do-it-yourself in a tough economy, and you see the need for free tax preparation.

H&R Block business model

This free preparation I H&R Block may be a bitter pill to swallow, but at least it offers the upside of state tax preparation, more complex tax preparation, and addition of younger tax paying customers.   This free taxes move has several potential pitfalls:

  • Will free customers buy additional services?
  • Will free customers come back next year and pay, or are they only customers if it is free?
  • Only 10%-15% of customers are expected to qualify for free preparation, does this leave a bad taste in the mouths of customers that do not qualify?
  • For the customers that do not qualify, does the “for you it’s not free” create more bad will than the good will created in the free customers?
  • Does doing taxes for free lower the perceived value of all tax preparation?

What does all this mean for the business model of H&R Block and other tax preparation services like Jackson Hewitt and Liberty? At first glance it appears to be the beginning of the bloodbath. This fast and serious race to lower prices and giveaway services does not seem to have any revenue upside only costs, decreased revenue, and lower perceived value for paid services.

The real issue is what will these companies do to innovate their business model and recover from this mature market issue? Let's explore some options:

  1. Fight the trend as long as possible preserving as much revenue as possible.
  2. Attempt to add premium services to upsell customers and get average customer spend back on track
  3. Find an alternative to profitable tax anticipation loans. It appears the government views these loans as predatory and will end them all together. They carry an average interest rate of 55+%.  By the same token a percentage of H&R Block's customers are the un-banked. H&R Block had found a profitable method to fill a need of these customers. H&R Block may be able to find a palatable alternative to tax anticipation loans. For instance, a preloaded credit card or similar instrument in which some of the money was delayed might be profitable and meet government requirements.
  4. Find a way to capitalize on the millions of customers currently served with other services. Examples might include: payday loans, retail banking, life basic legal assistance like LegalZoom, or other services that capitalize on H&R Block's strengths.

Do you agree with H&R Block's free tax preparation strategy? Is this the beginning of a slippery slope of ever decreasing tax-preparation revenues? What does this mean for H&R Block's business model?

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As we review 2011 we can’t help but look at Congress’ performance (or lack thereof) this last year. And while this is not a “political” blog I thought it would be interesting to assess Congress’ “business model” and ask the question, “Is Congress’ business model broken?”

But before we do that we need to answer a couple questions. First, what is the definition of a business model?

is the U.S. business model broken?

Business Model Defined

 

Business model: the proprietary methodology used to acquire, service, and retain customers.

And remember, there are eight essential areas to every business model:

  • Must have excellent margins
  • Must be easy to sell
  • Must have The Four Capitals©: Intellectual Capital, Financial Capital, Human Capital and Brand Capital
  • Must be able to maintain ongoing competitive advantage
  • Must have quality customers
  • Must have longevity of the industry
  • Must provide for the owner’s graceful exit
  • Must avoid pitfalls

 

Is Congress a Business?

 

Second, is Congress a business? Well…no. It’s a branch of the U.S. government. But it still has “customers” aka citizens and a primary purpose. According to Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution the primary function of Congress is:

…to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States… To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

So if you’ll allow me some leeway here I’d like to submit a working definition of Congress’ business model. Then I want to look at four areas where I believe Congress’ business model is broken.

 

Congress’ “Business” Model

 

I would define Congress’ business model as:

The proprietary methodology used to carry out the primary Constitutional functions (as defined in Article 1, Section 8 of the US Constitution) and to service and retain the majority of support from voters.

So in light of the above definition, we discovered four areas where Congress has been failing, especially in 2011.

 

1. Must Have Excellent Margins

 

This is one of the most important parts of any successful business model. Since part of Congress’ primary duties is to collect taxes, pay debts and create a sustainable budget, it is only right that the blame be placed on them if they fail in this area.

One of the biggest Congressional debates of 2011 was the US Debt-Ceiling Crisis. Congress had difficulty reaching an agreement to raise the debt-ceiling which resulted in a deal finally being reached on July 31. Four days later, on August 5, the credit-rating agency Standard & Poor's downgraded the credit rating of US government bond for the first time in the country's history.

Now, we’re not going to get into a political debate here but the fact of the matter is the US government does not have excellent profit margins (yes, no profit margin would be considered “not excellent”). No entity can continue to spend more than they make and expect to experience success.

 

2. Must Have Quality Customer

 

Customer service is another important piece of any successful business model. As we said earlier, Congress’ customers are the voters and tax payers they serve. Since Congress ended the year with a record-low 11% approval rating I think it’s safe to say they are failing here as well.

Our government is a representative democracy which means we are a self-governed people. If the elected officials are making decisions that upset and anger the people then something is wrong. Either the ones elected are not keeping their word or the people chose the wrong leaders to represent them.

 

 

3. Must Provide the Owners Graceful Exit

 

Since there are no “owners” in Congress we’ll modify this to say, “Must provide the elected officials’ graceful exit.” This would mean Congress could function properly even after key leaders died, lost re-election or decided to move on. If Congress only works when established life-long politicians are in office then we must also conclude that this essential business model rule is also being broken.

Why is it that new people who come into office are not able to get the results that the established politicians are? When politicians are rewarded more for “longevity” than “performance” then a culture is created that kills innovation. This can also be seen in many corporations when people who have been there longer receive more pay than the younger workers who actually produce more profit for the company.

 

4. Must Avoid Pitfalls

 

Has Congress avoided pitfalls? I don’t know anyone, no matter which side you’re on, that would honestly answer yes to that question.

Falling into pits seemed to be par for the course for the 2011 Congress. The gridlock in Congress resulted in potential government shutdowns, a credit downgrade, and record low approval ratings by the people. If there was a rock in the road it seemed as though Congress was bent on hitting it.

Congress, just like businesses must find a way to avoid pitfalls in the future. While politicians may never agree on anything they must find a way to run this country successfully or they need to be replaced. If a CEO continued to lead his company into pitfall after pitfall he would be fired. Why should it be any different with our elected officials?

Business owners can learn a lot from the blunders Congress made in 2011. We can learn it’s important to have: excellent profit margins, quality customer service, a system that can operate after you leave, and a plan that avoids pitfalls.

 

 

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After allegedly losing money for the last 11 seasons the NBA decided to alter its business model. This led to a 149-day lockout that claimed the first 7 weeks of the regular season and cost the NBA an estimated $480 million.

As with most labor disputes the issue at hand was money. The players wanted their “fair” share but the league argued that they could not continue operating under the current agreement which was causing them to lose over $300 million a year.

Was the lockout good for the NBA business model?

 

NBA Loses $340 Million Last Year

 

In an emailed statement to the New York Times, NBA spokesman Tim Frank stated:

The league lost money every year of the just expiring CBA. During these years, the league has never had positive Net Income, EBITDA or Operating Income.

The Knicks’, Bulls’ and Lakers’ combined net income for 2009-10 does not cover the losses of the 23 unprofitable teams. Our net loss for that year, including the gains from the seven profitable teams, was -$340 million.

Before the lockout the terms of the collective bargaining agreement (CBA) gave 57% of basketball-related income to the players. Under the new CBA this was lowered to 51% in order to provide more revenue to the league and close that $340 million gap.

 

The Dust Settles, Problems Remain

 

But as the dust begins to settle the question remains: did this change in the NBA’s business model really solve the problem?

Before we answer that question let’s take a step back and look at the numbers. The NBA generates an annual revenue of $3.8 billion (to put this in perspective the NBA is a bigger business than JetBlue Airways). And how do they “rank” in the industry of professional sports entertainment?

Well the NFL generates approximately $8.5 billion annually and Major League Baseball makes about $7 billion in annual earnings. So the NBA is in a distant third place, trailing the NFL by a $4.7 billion. So why is the NFL twice as successful as the NBA? Could it be that the NFL has a better business model than the NBA?

NFL vs. NBA

 

As we compare the NFL to the NBA let’s remember that a fundamental rule for any successful business model is to have quality customers (in this case, the customers are called fans). The business these companies are in is the sports entertainment business and sports are fueled by competition. Where am I going with this? I’ll show you.

The NBA has always been top-heavy. Out of the 65 NBA championships, 33 of them were won by just two teams, the Lakers and Celtics. And as Howard Beck of the New York Times recently pointed out:

“If Paul winds up with the Knicks and Howard lands with the Nets, 15 of the league's top 25 players would be spread among just six teams. In a league where superstars rule, that is depressing news for the other 24 franchises. Superteams may boost ratings in May and June, but they do nothing to help ticket sales for a Detroit-Charlotte game in January."

Did you catch that? Since there are only 6 superteams in the NBA the rest of the league suffers in ticket sales. As Beck said, this may boost ratings during the playoffs but it hurts ticket sales for the other 24 teams during the regular season.

Hard Salary Cap vs. Soft Salary Cap

 

But what can be done about this business model blunder? Again, let’s look at the NFL who seems to be doing a much better job than the NBA. One main difference has to do with the hard salary cap the NFL imposes which helps minimize superteams from forming.

This is why in the last 30 years, 14 NFL teams have won championships — the last five by five different teams. The competitive element is fostered by the NFL by providing opportunity to almost any team (despite the size of their franchise) to win the Super Bowl.

Even under the new CBA, the NBA still maintains a soft salary cap which does little to prevent these superteams from continuing as they always have. During the labor dispute the NBA commissioner David Stern stressed that the system needed to be changed to balance the playing field and give small-market teams the same chance as large-market teams to compete for a championship.

So the system (aka business model) was changed but not according to Stern’s statement. Fans lost 7 weeks of play, the NBA lost revenue and the salary cap is still soft. What really changed?

Like this post?  Join our discussion group on LinkedIn http://www.linkedin.com/groups?about=&gid=4171511

 

 

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Scoring Apple’s Business Model Before and After Steve Jobs

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